Among various neurological disorders, Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an auto-immune, demyelinating disease in which the myelin sheath or the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord are damaged by the self immune system. Due to this damage the ability of various parts of the nervous system disrupts, that includes physical, mental, and sometimes psychiatric problems. In this disease, the body's immune system attacks the protective covering surrounding the nerves of the central nervous system (CNS).Due to these attacks, various damages occur to the tissues, which are also known as Lesions, sometimes called scars or plaques, are the hallmarks of multiple sclerosis. Until and unless any symptom of this disease occurs, there is no significant tool to diagnose it, except MRI. Scars or Lesions detected by MR(Magnetic Resonance) sequences confirms the diagnosis of the disease as well as helps to monitor the evaluation of the disease along with the efficiency of the therapies being used to treat it. To monitor the progression of the disease, the change in the lesion load is necessary to be determined on the criteria of volume, shape, location and size. Thus, to study the change in the behavior of lesions, it is necessary to divide them in segments. Analysing the results of Magnetic Resonance, there have been conventional, semi-automatic and automatic segmentation methods. Also few latest methods have been proposed to reduce the complexities that occur due to manual segmentations.This research work studies various methods of Lesion segmentation and reviews the various proposed methods in the literature.
A Study & Review on Exploration of Multiple Sclerosis : Automatic vs. Conventional MRI modalities approach